Double-acting four-stroke diesel motor



July 21, 1925. I 7 1,546,707

H. H. BLACHE DOUBLE ACTING FOUR-STROKE DIESEL MOTOR Filed'Jan. 26, 1924 27) venrar' lll lti

the entire engine, is, the upper cover, cylin- Patented July 21, 1925.

UNITED snares PATENT OFFICE.

DOUBLE-ACTING FOUR-STROKE DIESEL MOTOR.

Application filed January 26, 1924. terial No. 688,744.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that i I, HANS HENRIK BLACHE, a citizen of the Kingdom of Denmark, and residing at Hellerup, near Copenhagen, Denmark, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Double-Acting Four-Stroke Diesel Motors, of which the following is a specification.

lhe present invention relates to a four stroke Diesel motor constructed asa doubleacting engine which is made possible partly by removing the valves from the lower cover through which the piston rod passes and disposing them in a special compartment at the side of the cylinder or rather at the side of the'bottom cover, partly by assembling der, bottom cover, frame and bottom frame, by long bolts extending from the lower edge of the bottom frame to the upper edge of the upper cover. Such long bolts are known per so as employed in single-acting Diesel motors and here below it is therefore explained howtliese known long bolts are used in the present constructions in such -way that a new technical efl'ect is obtained by making the construction of the present double-acting Diesel motor possible.

In greater Diesel motors, as, e. g., ships motors and the like, diflioulties arise from assuring the expansion due to heat of the cylinder jacket and especially of the actual inner cylinder. In order to solve this problem, said cylinder parts have hitherto been suspended in the frameein such special way that the cylinder and the cylinder jacket may expand either both up and down or only downwards; furthermore it has been proposed to mould the cylinder parts integrally, viz, the lining and the bottom cover of double-acting engines, in order to avoid an unadvisable assembling by bolts of the lower cover suspended on the cylinder jacket, itbeing impossible to keep such an assembly tight in engineswhere the flangecoupling must also take up such great piston pressure as in those in question. To mould the cylinder lining integrally with one of the covers presents the advantage that an assembling by bolts is avoided, but, on the other hand, presents the disadvantage that it is impossible to condemn a wornout cylinder lining without condemning also the cover moulded integrally therewith.

The present invention relates to a doubleacting four stroke .Diesel motor so oon parts upper cover, cylinder lining, bottom cover, frames and bottom frame, all kept together in the present case by longstay bolts known per se and extending even from 1 the lower edge of the bottom frame to the upper edge of the upper cover.

The feature enabling a separate cylinder lining of a double-acting Diesel motor to be constructed and secured in this manner is that the frames and the bottom frame form parts of the means clamping the lining between both covers. The expansion due to heat of the lining may thereby be taken up by frames and bolts acting together as strong springs. It is to be remembered that the length of the stay bolts is several times as great as the length of the cylinder lining.

in the drawing are shown the details necessary to the understanding of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of the whole engine, and 4 Fig. 2 shows a sectional elevation of the upper apart of the engine, viz, the upper cover, the cylinder, and the lower cover, on a greater scale.

as Fig. 1 only serves to show the principle of the invention, viz, that the continuous bolts are made long relatively tothe length of the cylinder lining, which is clamped between the upper and lower covers, this figure is so drawn as to show only those parts serving to the clamping while all other details-even the valve chamber displaced to the side-are omitted.

In the figures, a designates the upper cover, I) the lower one. According to the invention a separate cylinder lining a the jacket of which is only shown in Fig. 2, is mounted between the covers a and b. The lower cover I) is carried by frames [0 mounted in the usual manner between the bottom frame 7 and cover I). The entire construction is assembled by the above mentioned in the drawing the upper portion of the bolts 0 is carried up through the upper cover a and a nut z is screwed on to the up-' per end of the bolt e, thus keeping the cover a clamped down against the lining 0 and i the latter again clamped against the cover- 3) so that the necessary tightness is obtained between the lining 0 and the covers a and b and so that the tensions in the two parallel tension systems viz, on one hand the bolts 6 and on the other hand the bottom frame, frames is, lower cover, cylinder lining, and upper cover are so proportioned that the long bolts may take up the expansion to which they are exposed owing to the heat expansion of the lining. By appropriately proportioning the length and dimensions of the bolts 6 and cylinder lining 0 relatively to each other the construction of a doubleacting motor according to the scheme of Fig. 1 is made possible.

The object of the nut g is tomaintain the tension between the bottom cover and frames when the top cover is removed soas to avoid each time putting the entire length of bolts and frames into and out of tension. FTg. 2 shows in detail how the single parts, viz, the covers a and b and the cylinder lining a I mounted between them, together with the cooling jacket d are shaped. Furthermore it shows the shaping of the lower cover 7) in such manner that the valves are removed from the end surface of the same and assembled in aspeciahvalve chamber arranged at the side of the cover as indicated by the chamber m in Fig. 2. By this displacing of the chamber m the lower side of the cover 7) is left free of the valves, so asto enable a bottom cover of a four stroke motor be constructed, while otherf eaavov wise such covers are totally occupied by the valves necessary to the four stroke system and do not allow a piston rod and its stuifing box to be mounted therein.

The invention is notv limited to the constructional form shown in the drawing, the principle of the invention consisting solely in the separate cylinder lining, the expansion of which is taken up by the long stay bolts, and in the lateral displacement of the Valves.

I claim:

1. An improvement in double-acting four stroke Diesel engines, comprising, a bottom frame, a frame on the bottom frame, a lower cylinder cover, an upper cylinder cover, and a detachable cylinder liner between the covers, the covers and liner all being supported on the frame, long stay bolts extending from the lower side of the bottom frame to the upper side of the upper cover for securely holding the entire structure together, eachstay bolt having an intermediate nut bearing against the upper side of the lower cover and end nuts bearing against the bottom frame and the upper cover respectively, whereby heat expansion of the cylinder liner is taken up by stretching of the stay bolts throughout their entire length, and the liner can be replaced without releasing lEh? tension on the lower portions of the stay 2. An improvement in double-acting four stroke Diesel engines according to claim 1, a single lateral chamber carried by the lower cover and necessary engine valves all positioned in the lateral chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HANS HENRIK BLACHE. 

